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Introduction Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technique which maps the spatial distribution and local conditions of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) tracers. In summary, combined Lissajous MPI and MFH technologies are presented demonstrating for the first time their potential for cancer treatment with maximum effectiveness, and minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues. Furthermore, reconstructed MPI images of the nanoparticles distributed among the cells, and the temperature-sensitivity of the MPI imaging signal obtained during treatment are demonstrated. In vitro cell studies using a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) demonstrated strong suppression of both structural integrity and metabolic activity within 24 h following a 40 min MFH treatment actuated within the Lissajous MPI scanner. The observed spatial heating behavior is qualitatively described based on a phenomenological model considering torques exerted in the Brownian regime. Measurements of nanoparticle hyperthermia during protracted exposure to the MPI scanner's 3D imaging field sequence revealed spatially focused heating, with a maximum that is significantly enhanced compared with a simple 1-dimensional sinusoidal excitation.
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Combined, these capabilities have the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy, effectiveness and safety of MFH therapy. The platform is shown to offer functionalities for nanoparticle localization, focused hyperthermia therapy application, and non-invasive tissue thermometry in one device. Here for the first time, the capability of a Lissajous scanning MPI device to act as a standalone platform to support the application of MFH cancer treatment is presented. Two examples which have recently attracted significant attention are magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for biological monitoring, and magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) for cancer therapy.
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The use of engineered nanoscale magnetic materials in healthcare and biomedical technologies is rapidly growing.